- Sudan (State), officially republic of Sudan, country of East Africa, opened on the Red Sea, limited to the North by Egypt, in the East with Erythrea and Ethiopia, in the South by Kenya, Uganda and the democratic Republic of Congo, and on the West by the Central African Republic, Chad and Libya. This country, the vastest of the African continent, which covers a surface of 2 505 813 km2, is crossed by the North in the South by the Nile valley. The country pulls its name of the Arabic expression " Bilad al-Sudan " Used formerly to indicate the set of the countries of sub-Saharan Black Africa. However, if the northerly part belongs, by the language and the religion, to the Moslem world, the South, animistic and Christian, is anchored in the African domain. This geographic cleavage, associated to a political dominion exercising to the detriment of the populations of the South, widely contributed to the release of the civil war which tears Sudan in a almost continuous way since the independence acquired in 1956. The arrival of the Islamists to power ( 1989 ) was ineffective as for the pursuit of fights.
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