- Kazakhstan, officially republic of Kazakhstan, country of Central Asia, lined in the North by Russia, in the East by China, in the South by Kirghizistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmanistan, and on the West by the Caspian Sea. Kazakhstan, the ancient republic of the USSR, proclaimed its independence in 1991 and adhered the same year to the Community of the independent States ( CIS ). The surface is of 2 717 300 km2. The capital was transferred by Almaty, more big city of the country, to Astana ( ex-Aqmola ), who occupies a more central position..
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